HANDY CONSTANTS AND FORMULAS

Weight of Distilled Water:
@ 0o C. (32o F)   -  62.4201 lbs./cu. ft. (0.9999 kg./liter)
@ 3.98o C. (39.16o F)   -  62.4280 lbs./cu. ft. (1.0000 kg./liter)
@ 15.56o C. (60o F)   -  62.3718 lbs./cu. ft. (0.9991 kg./liter)
@ 50o C. (122o F)   -  61.6953 lbs./cu. ft. (0.9883 kg./liter)
@ 100o C. (212o F)   -  59.8476 lbs./cu. ft. (0.9587 kg./liter)

One cubic foot contains 7.4805195 gallons; thus a gallon of distilled water weighs 8.33 lbs.
For most practical purposes a liter equals a cubic decimeter; however a more exact figure is
        1.000028 cubic decimeters.
One cubic foot of water @ 0o C. will make 1.11 cubic feet of ice @ 0o C.
The specific gravity of seawater in the Gulf of Mexico varies with salinity, but usually runs
        from 1.020 to 1.028. The generally accepted norm is a specific gravity of 1.024
        (i.e. 63.87 lbs./cu. ft.).
DENSITY OF WATER
CENTIGRADE VOLUME OF 1 KILOGRAM
TEMPERATURE    OF WATER IN LITERS*  
   0.0o 1.000126
   3.98o 1.000000
10.0o 1.000257
20.0o 1.001732
30.0o 1.004234
40.0o 1.007627
50.0o 1.011877
60.0o 1.016954
70.0o 1.022384
80.0o 1.029003
90.0o 1.035829
100.0o 1.043116
       * Atmospheric pressure of 14.696 lbs./sq.in. (1.0333 kilograms/square centimeter)

 

WEIGHTS ABOVE AND UNDER WATER
(in lbs./cubic foot)
MATERIAL ABOVE WATER UNDER FRESH WATER UNDER SEAWATER
      (62.37 lbs./cu.ft.)           (63.87 lbs./cu.ft.)  
Carbon Steel          489.60            427.23           425.73
Stainless Steel - 304        510.98            448.61           447.11
Concrete (Normal Density)        144.00              81.63             80.13
Aluminum (1100 or 6061)        169.32            106.95           105.45
Aluminum (5052)        167.42            105.05           103.55
Brass (Naval Cold Rolled)        528.77            466.40           464.90
Copper (Cold Rolled)        556.44            494.07           492.57
Bronze (SAE-660)        564.36            501.99           500.49
Lead        708.00            645.60           644.10
 

LINE OF SIGHT RANGE FORMULAS
D = Range in Nautical Miles
RADAR:    D = 2.23 ( [hm1]1/2 + [hm2]1/2 )  Where: hm1 = height of radar scanner in meters
                    or hm2 = height of target in meters
D = 1.23 ( [hf1]1/2 + [hf2]1/2 ) hf1 = height of radar scanner in feet
hf2 = height of target in feet
VISUAL:   D = 2.06 ( [hm3]1/2 + [hm4]1/2 ) Where: hm3 = height of eye in meters
                    or hm4 = height of object in meters
D = 1.14 ( [hf3]1/2 + [hf4]1/2 ) hf3 = height of eye in feet
hf4 = height of object in feet

Compliments of Urethane Technologies, Inc.

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